WHAT IS ECTOPIC PREGNANCY?

An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants and grows outside the main cavity of the uterus. It can't proceed normally as the fertilised egg can't survive, and the growing tissue may cause life-threatening bleeding, if left untreated.

Causes of Ectopic Pregnancy: A tubal pregnancy, the most common type of ectopic pregnancy  happens when a fertilized egg gets stuck on its way to the uterus, often because the fallopian tube is damaged by inflammation or is misshapen. Hormonal imbalances or abnormal development of the fertilized egg also might play a role.

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF ECTOPIC PREGNANCY?

• One may not notice anything at first. However, some women with an ectopic pregnancy have the usual early signs or symptoms of pregnancy like a missed period, breast tenderness and nausea. 
• Often, the first warning sign of an ectopic pregnancy is pelvic pain. Light vaginal bleeding may also occur.If heavy bleeding occurs, the patient may feel shoulder pain as blood fills the pelvis and abdomen.
• The Emergency symptoms of ectopic pregnancy can cause the fallopian tube to rupture. Heavy bleeding inside the abdomen is most likely. Other symptoms of this life-threatening event include extreme lightheadedness, fainting, severe abdominal pain and shock.

DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT 

Diagnosis: A pelvic exam can help the doctor identify areas of pain, tenderness, or a mass in the fallopian tube or ovary. Further blood tests and an ultrasound shall be required to confirm diagnosis.

Treatment: As the  fertilized egg can't develop normally outside the uterus. To prevent life-threatening complications, the ectopic tissue shall need to be removed using medication, laparoscopic surgery or abdominal surgery, etc. 

Emergency Surgery : If the ectopic pregnancy is causing heavy bleeding, one might need emergency surgery through an abdominal incision.  In some cases, the fallopian tube can be repaired. Typically, however, a ruptured tube must be removed.

IMPORTANT INFORMATION 

• Seek emergency medical help if following symptoms present in an ectopic pregnancy: 

a. Severe abdominal or pelvic pain 

b. Abnormal vaginal bleeding

c. Extreme lightheadedness or fainting, etc

• Risk factors that can expose a woman to ectopic pregnancy are:

a. Previous ectopic pregnancy

b. Inflammation or Infection in tubes

c. Fertility treatments

d. Tubal surgery

e. IUD

f. Smoking (during pregnancy)

• Complications:An ectopic pregnancy can cause the fallopian tube to burst open.In lack of treatment, the ruptured tube can lead to life-threatening bleeding.
• Prevention Tips: There is no way to prevent an ectopic pregnancy, some ways in which the risk can be reduced are: 
  • Limit the number of sexual partners.
  • Always use a condom during intercourse.
  • Don't smoke.